©Dil Maange More© Z for Zoonosist




 

Z for Zoonosist


Animals and humans may have a symbiotic relationship, but they can exchange diseases too.

There's no better company than animals; they not only make us feel better, but also contribute to our health and well-being. Research too has proved that people with pets tend to have lower cholesterol levels and blood pressure. They also tend to get more exercise and feel less lonely.

Unfortunately, animals can also get you sick. The world is currently in a tizzy over swine flu, but that's just one of the diseases that can be transmitted from animals to humans. There are a host of other Zoonotic diseases or Zoonosis, (animal ailments that can be transmitted to humans), than rabies and plague.

Most zoonotic diseases in India are fungal in nature. Else, they can be bacterial skin infections because of humid conditions and improper ventilation. With pets, the chances of contracting diseases are very less, but what you need to be careful about are stray animals.

One of the best ways to prevent zoonotic ailments, as far as domestic animals are concerned, is by maintaining high levels of hygiene at all places. Ensure that your animals are regularly vaccinated, take all precautions if they are being kept in small, cramped enclosures and get existing diseases treated.

Here are some of the other common zoonotic diseases and what can be done to prevent them.

 Leptospirosis

Source: Anyone who endured the terrible floods of 2005 would be aware of this bacterial disease that proved fatal for many. It spreads primarily through exposure to water contaminated with urine of infected animals. Leptospira organisms have been found in cattle, pigs, dogs, rodents and horses.

Symptoms: High fever, severe headache, muscle ache, chills, breathing discomfort etc. If untreated, the patient could develop kidney damage and respiratory distress.

Prevention: Treatment is generally restricted to anti-biotics, but the risk of acquiring leptospirosis can be greatly reduced by not swimming or wading in water that might be contaminated. Also, if you are an avid traveller and love water, think twice before jumping into a river or lake that's polluted or stagnant. Ensure you have protective clothing and footwear if your job involves moving around in areas that have contaminated water or soil.

 Cat scratch fever

Source: It's a bacterial infection caused by bacteria known as Bartonella Henselae, present in cat saliva. There are chances of contracting the disease after being scratched or bitten by a cat. Since it might be present on cat fur, it's possible to get affected from petting a cat too.

Symptoms: In people who have a normal immune system, cat scratch disease is usually not a serious illness. But you might suffer from fever, chills, nausea, vomiting and fatigue.

Prevention: Avoiding situations in which you might be bitten or scratched by a stray cat is the best way. Don't play rough with a cat, and don't force your attentions on one who clearly does not welcome them. Wash your hands thoroughly afterwards. Also, never allow them to lick open sores or scratches on your skin.

 Toxoplasmosis

Source: It's a parasite transmitted from dogs and cats. Most of the time, the animal fights off the infection before it becomes contagious. But sometimes they shed egg-like forms of the parasite in their faeces.

Symptoms: Flu-like fever, muscle aches and pains, skin allergy or stomach upset in the long term. For people with weakened immune system, it can prove dangerous. The infections maybe worst in pregnant women for the organism can go to the foetus.

Prevention: Pregnant women, small children and those with damaged immune systems should avoid cleaning cat litter boxes. De-worm your pet regularly.

 Brucellosis

Source: This is a bacterial disease contracted through close contact with animals, primarily livestock that have been affected with Brucella bacteria. Also spreads through contaminated milk products.

Symptoms: High fever, body ache, cramping, joint pain

Prevention: Needless to say, vaccination of animals (say of cattle) is very essential. Pasteurisation of milk and eating only pasteurised cheese are the most important preventive measures. Also if you handle meat often, wear protective glasses and clothing.

 Pigeon Fancier's disease

Source: This respiratory disorder is a reaction caused by enzymes and bacteria in feathers and pigeon droppings. Especially if you are asthmatic, pigeon feathers can cause severe problems.

Symptoms: Shortness of breath, cough and fever.

Prevention: Pigeon droppings are common in Mumbai buildings, since most of them don't have huge balconies or open spaces. Try and keep your surroundings clean and sanitised as often as possible.

 

 
 
 
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